Table 1 Inventory of Vietnamese Phonemic Initial Consonants (H. Nguyen 1997)

	Labial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	ɓ (p)		t th	ɗ	tɕ	k	ʔ
Nasal	m		n		ɲ	ŋ
Fricative		f v		s z		x ɣ	h
Approximant	w		l