Table 4 Distribution of Semantic Formulas of Invitation Refusals (Guo 2012: 250, Hong 2011: 127)3

Strategies Higher Equal Lower
Explanation 100 93.33 103.0
Alternatives 20 63.33 46.67
Regret 77 23.33 18.33
Gratitude 87 0 0
Address Forms 87 0 0
Statement of Positive Opinion 0 10.0 33.33
Direct 10 14.0 16.0
Avoidance 0 1.67 16.67